Stillwater

PFAS monitoring results for a public water system in Minnesota

MN1820024UCMR 5EPA monitoring data
5.2Highest PFOA result, ppt
8.1Highest PFOS result, ppt
0.72Highest Hazard Index
450Results
PWSID
MN1820024
State
Minnesota
System type
community water system (CWS)
Population served
19,462
City
Stillwater
Counties
Washington County
Primary source water
groundwater
UCMR 5 sampling
2024-12-10 to 2025-06-02 · 8 entry point(s) · water types: GW
Service-area boundary
authoritative

PFOS 1–3 × its limit highest single result
PFOS 1–3 × its limit worst entry-point average

These are monitoring results collected under EPA's Fifth Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR 5) at entry points, where treated water enters the distribution system; they are not tap-water samples. They are not compliance determinations: compliance with EPA's 2024 PFAS limits is judged on running annual averages of compliance monitoring, required from 2029, so a single UCMR 5 result at or above a limit is not a violation. “< MRL” means the compound was not quantified at EPA's minimum reporting level; it does not mean zero.

Compared with EPA's 2024 values

Highest single resultWorst entry-point average*Limit
PFOA (ppt)5.25.24
PFOS (ppt)8.17.554
Hazard Index0.720.651.0†

“<MRL” = every result for the compound was below its reporting limit. * Mean of all samples at each entry point with non-detects = 0 (EPA compliance convention; the Hazard Index also uses non-detects = 0); a screening comparison, not a formal running annual average. † Rescission proposed May 2026. PFOA/PFOS MCL 4 ppt (2024 NPDWR, in effect). PFHxS, PFNA, HFPO-DA (10 ppt each) and the Hazard Index (1.0) are 2024 NPDWR values; EPA proposed rescinding them on 18 May 2026 (comment period closed 20 Jul 2026).

Compared with Minnesota guidance levels

Highest single resultWorst entry-point average*Minnesota
PFOA (ppt)5.25.20.01 (guidance)
PFOS (ppt)8.17.552.3 (guidance)
PFHxS (ppt)7.26.547 (guidance)
PFBS (ppt)00100 (guidance)
PFHxA (ppt)00200 (guidance)
PFBA (ppt)118114.57,000 (guidance)

Sum standards add the listed compounds within each sample (non-detects = 0). State compliance is normally judged on averages over time; these are screening comparisons.

Sampling history

Sampled 2024-12-10 to 2025-06-02 · 8 entry point(s) · water types: GW · 15 sampling visits. PFAS in ppt (ng/L).

DateEntry pointEventPFOAPFOSHIOther detections
2024-12-10Well #1 Entry Point (GW)SE1<4<40PFBA 74.6
2024-12-10Well #10 Entry Point (GW)SE15.24.30.64PFBA 113, PFPeA 4.5
2024-12-10Well #11 Entry Point (GW)SE1<4<40PFBA 96.9
2024-12-10Well #12 Entry Point (GW)SE1<4<40PFBA 93.1
2024-12-10Well #5 Entry Point (GW)SE1<4<40PFBA 66.6
2024-12-10Well #6 Entry Point (GW)SE1470.58PFBA 106, PFPeA 3.6
2024-12-10Well #8 Entry Point (GW)SE1<4<40PFBA 113
2024-12-10Well #9 Entry Point (GW)SE14<40PFBA 101, PFPeA 3.6
2025-06-02Well #1 Entry Point (GW)SE2<4<40PFBA 78.2
2025-06-02Well #11 Entry Point (GW)SE2<4<40PFBA 101, lithium 10.9 µg/L
2025-06-02Well #12 Entry Point (GW)SE2<4<40PFBA 118, PFPeA 3.3
2025-06-02Well #5 Entry Point (GW)SE2<4<40PFBA 72.3, lithium 9.7 µg/L
2025-06-02Well #6 Entry Point (GW)SE2<48.10.72PFBA 108, PFPeA 3.8, lithium 9 µg/L
2025-06-02Well #8 Entry Point (GW)SE2<4<40PFBA 116
2025-06-02Well #9 Entry Point (GW)SE2<4<40PFBA 102, PFPeA 3.5

“<4” = not detected at the reporting limit shown; “n/a” = not analyzed in that sample. Highlighted = at or above the 4 ppt MCL. HI computed per sample with non-detects as 0. Other detections lists every other quantified compound (lithium in µg/L).

All results by entry point

450 results. Each column is one sampling visit (date and UCMR 5 sample event). A number is a measured concentration; “< 4” = below the minimum reporting level shown; “–” = not analyzed in that visit. PFAS in ppt (ng/L); lithium in µg/L.

Well #1 Entry Point facility 7 · sample point E01 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
2025-06-02
SE2
PFBA5 ppt74.678.2
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFPeA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFPeS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 9< 9

Well #10 Entry Point facility 8 · sample point E02 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
PFBA5 ppt113
PFHxS3 ppt6.4
PFOA4 ppt5.2
PFOS4 ppt4.3
PFPeA3 ppt4.5
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4
PFPeS4 ppt< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 9

Well #11 Entry Point facility 21 · sample point E07 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
2025-06-02
SE2
PFBA5 ppt96.9101
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFPeA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFPeS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 910.9

Well #12 Entry Point facility 28 · sample point E08 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
2025-06-02
SE2
PFBA5 ppt93.1118
PFPeA3 ppt< 33.3
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFPeS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 9< 9

Well #5 Entry Point facility 9 · sample point E03 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
2025-06-02
SE2
PFBA5 ppt66.672.3
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFPeA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFPeS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 99.7

Well #6 Entry Point facility 10 · sample point E04 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
2025-06-02
SE2
PFBA5 ppt106108
PFHxS3 ppt5.87.2
PFOA4 ppt4< 4
PFOS4 ppt78.1
PFPeA3 ppt3.63.8
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFPeS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 99

Well #8 Entry Point facility 11 · sample point E05 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
2025-06-02
SE2
PFBA5 ppt113116
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFPeA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFPeS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 9< 9

Well #9 Entry Point facility 12 · sample point E06 · groundwater

CompoundMRL2024-12-10
SE1
2025-06-02
SE2
PFBA5 ppt101102
PFOA4 ppt4< 4
PFPeA3 ppt3.63.5
11Cl-PF3OUdS5 ppt< 5< 5
4:2 FTS3 ppt< 3< 3
6:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
8:2 FTS5 ppt< 5< 5
9Cl-PF3ONS2 ppt< 2< 2
ADONA3 ppt< 3< 3
HFPO-DA5 ppt< 5< 5
NEtFOSAA5 ppt< 5< 5
NFDHA20 ppt< 20< 20
NMeFOSAA6 ppt< 6< 6
PFBS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFDoA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFEESA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHpS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFHxS3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMBA3 ppt< 3< 3
PFMPA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFNA4 ppt< 4< 4
PFOS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFPeS4 ppt< 4< 4
PFTA8 ppt< 8< 8
PFTrDA7 ppt< 7< 7
PFUnA2 ppt< 2< 2
lithium9 µg/L< 9< 9

Statistics by compound

CompoundResultsDetectedHighest (date)Mean boundsKM medianP75P90P95
PFBA15100%118
2025-06-02
97.31–97.31101113116118
PFPeA1540%4.5
2024-12-10
1.49–3.29<MRL3.63.84.5
PFHxS1520%7.2
2025-06-02
1.29–3.69<MRL<MRL6.47.2
PFOA1520%5.2
2024-12-10
0.88–4.08<MRL<MRL45.2
PFOS1520%8.1
2025-06-02
1.29–4.49<MRL<MRL78.1
lithium1520%10.9
2025-06-02
1.97–9.17<MRL<MRL9.710.9

Never detected (24): 11Cl-PF3OUdS, 4:2 FTS, 6:2 FTS, 8:2 FTS, 9Cl-PF3ONS, ADONA, HFPO-DA, NEtFOSAA, NFDHA, NMeFOSAA, PFBS, PFDA, PFDoA, PFEESA, PFHpA, PFHpS, PFHxA, PFMBA, PFMPA, PFNA, PFPeS, PFTA, PFTrDA, PFUnA.

Left-censored Kaplan–Meier statistics (Helsel 2005; Helsel & Lee 2006, NADA for R). Units: ppt; lithium µg/L. Each compound has one reporting limit, so the Kaplan–Meier mean equals the upper mean bound (non-detects at the MRL); the lower bound sets non-detects to 0. “<MRL” = the percentile falls below the reporting limit and cannot be estimated. These describe this system's UCMR 5 samples, not population estimates.

Sources

  • EPA UCMR 5 occurrence data text files (UCMR5_All.txt; samples 2023-01-04 to 2026-02-23; data summary dated Jul 2026)
  • EPA SDWIS via ECHO SDWA downloads, quarter 2026Q3
  • EPA Public Water System Service Areas v3 (Mar 2026)
  • US Census Bureau cartographic boundary counties 1:500k, 2024
  • EPA/USGS NHDPlus V2 (medium resolution) flowlines, Strahler order 2+

Data build b4430eb8fd55 · 2026-10-18T04:07Z · UCMR 5 release Jul2026 · SDWIS 2026Q3. Data and methods.